Water Kefir: Rinse, Rest, Recover
Water kefir is a delicious and refreshing drink, loaded with probiotics and easy to make. Under ideal conditions, you can put a couple of tablespoons of water kefir grains in a quart of sugar-water, coconut water, or fruit juice, let it sit for a day or two, then strain, add flavoring, and let ferment for a few more days. The result will be a light, slightly fizzy drink that kids and grownups love to drink.
However, there are a few problems that can come up when the grains are stressed from overcrowding, lack of nutrients, or contamination. These problems include:
- Grains are slimy.
- Kefir is syrupy.
- Kefir smells bad. (Sulfur smell, smells like rotting fruit, smells “like feet”, etc.)
- White film forms on the top of the kefir.
- Grains start to diminish in volume.
These problems are mostly a result of the kefir not properly re-building themselves, which is a result of undernourishment.
Kefir grains need not just sugar as food; they also need minerals. It’s very easy to supplement with minerals, and often a good idea to let the grains rest a little as well.
Here’s how to give your grains a “rest and recover” treatment that will get them back on the road to robust productivity.
Make a Resting Solution
Start with fresh, clean water. Make sure it does not have fluoride in it. If your tap water is fluoridated, it is not likely that an ordinary house filter will remove it. You will have to use bottled spring water, or get a filter specially designed to remove fluoride. Chlorine can be removed by filtering, evaporation, aeration, or boiling. Chloramines, used instead of chlorine in some municipalities, must be filtered out.
Bring the water to a boil and let it cool for five or ten minutes. (This is one way to remove the chlorine.) You will need a quart for the resting solution, plus a quart or more for rinsing the grains.
In a quart-size mason jar, put 4 tablespoons of granulated sugar. The best type to use is an unrefined organic sugar such as turbinado, Sucanat, evaporated cane juice (unbleached), rapadura, etc. You can also use white table sugar. Don’t use honey, agave, coconut sugar, or any other type of alternative sugar. (Some of these are okay for culturing, but you want to just keep it simple for now.)
Now add some mineral supplementation. You can choose any one of the following:
- 1/8 teaspoon unrefined sea salt
- 1/4 teaspoon plain baking soda
- 1/2 teaspoon unsulfured blackstrap molasses
- A few drops of liquid mineral supplement (such as Concentrace)
- 1 teaspoon oyster shell (sterilized, the kind that is used in aquariums), or sterilized, crushed eggshell (If you use oyster shell or eggshell, put it in a muslin bag so it doesn’t get mixed up with the grains.)
Fill the mason jar with the boiled water to about an inch or two from the top, and let it cool to room temperature. Set the rest of the water aside. When it is cool, you can rinse the kefir grains.
Rinse the Grains
Ordinarily you should not need to rinse the kefir grains, but if they have gotten to the point where they are slimy or stinky, it’s a good idea to clean them off.
Put some boiled, cooled water in a shallow bowl, and set up a plastic mesh strainer so you can put the grains in the strainer and have them bathed in the water.
Stir the grains around in the strainer gently with your finger, brushing them lightly up against the strainer. This will clean off any loose yeast or contaminants off the surface of the grains without damaging them.
Pour off the water, which will be cloudy.
Repeat the rinsing a few times until the discarded water is pretty clear. Your grains are now “naked” and ready to rest.
Rest the Grains
Put the cleaned grains in the prepared solution, and cover the jar with a plastic lid. (If all you have is a metal lid, put coffee filter over the top of the jar, then put the lid on top of that.)
Now put the jar of grains and water in the refrigerator and leave them there for at least three or four days. The cold will put the grains to sleep. They can stay in the refrigerator for as long as a month, resting and rebuilding.
Get the Grains Back to Work
After your grains have rested, you are ready to make a new batch of kefir.
Set up the new kefir solution the same way you made the resting solution, with clean water, granulated sugar, and mineral supplementation.
Strain the grains out of the resting solution. If you want, you can save the liquid. If it has only been in the refrigerator for a few days, it will be mostly sweet water with some probiotics in it. If you left it in the refrigerator for a long time, it may be very lightly fizzy and can be treated like kefir. In any case, it should smell better than it did before you started. If the grains still seem distressed (slime, bad smell, or white film), make a new batch of resting solution and rest the grains again.
Add the rested grain to the new kefiring solution. You should have between 2 and 4 tablespoons of grains to a quart of water. If you have more grains than that, you can either divide them into smaller batches and make more jars, or use a larger jar. Make sure you maintain the right proportions of sugar and minerals in the water.
Cover the jar with a paper towel or coffee filter secured by a rubber band, and let the grains sit for 24 to 48 hours.
The resulting kefir should be clean and fresh, and ready for you to strain off, flavor, cover, and let sit for a couple of days to ferment again.
Badly damaged grains may require two or three cycles of rinse, rest, recover. The good news is that once they are fully recovered, you can continue to use them for many months to come. Adding minerals to the water is usually a good idea, to make sure the grains have the nutrients they need.
Question and Answers
How can I tell if the water kefir grains are working?
Following the rehydration process, there are generally two signs that the kefir grains are indeed making kefir:
- Color: The liquid will change color over the 48 hour culturing process. For example, if using white sugar, the plain sugar water will be yellow but finished water kefir will be a more opal color and less translucent. If using a whole sugar containing molasses (e.g. Rapadura, Sucanat, etc.), the liquid will change to a different shade of brown (typically a lighter shade of brown).
- Taste: After the 48 hour culturing process, the finished kefir should be less sweet than the sugar water you started with. Please note, finished kefir will still be fairly sweet as it does still contain fructose which is naturally very sweet. But it should be at least a bit less sweet than the original sugar water.
It may take a couple of batches before kefir grains function reliably. It is also common for the taste of the kefir and the activity level of the kefir grains to change over the first 6-8 weeks after the kefir grains are rehydrated. This is a normal part of the process of working with a live culture.
What types of sugar can I use to make water kefir?
Water kefir grains are fairly versatile. While we do recommend using organic sugar if at all possible (reduces the amount of chemicals the kefir grains are exposed to), most sugars will work for making water kefir. White sugar (aka Organic Evaporated Cane Crystals) makes a very mild kefir while sugars containing molasses (Rapadura, Sucanat, Turbinado, etc.) make a stronger tasting kefir. If you are planning to flavor your kefir with fruit or juice, white sugar normally makes a more neutral backdrop for adding flavorings.
What type of water should I use to make water kefir?
Water kefir grains thrive on the presence of minerals in the water but have a hard time with chlorine. Ideally, you will want to use a water source where the chlorine has been filtered out (or otherwise dispersed) but where the minerals in the water are left in tact. Here are some specific examples:
- Tap Water: If using tap water, you will want to remove the chlorine. Provided standard chlorine is used by your water provider, it can be removed by either boiling the water vigorously for a few minutes, running the water through a blender to aerate it or setting the water out overnight.
- Britta or Pur Brand (or similar) Water Filters: These water filters generally do a good job removing chlorine but they also remove most of the minerals in the water. If using filtered water, add some mineral drops or a small pinch (no more!) quality sea salt such as Celtic Sea Salt or Himalayan Sea Salt. Do not use table salt!
- Multi-Pure (or similar) Water Filters: No adjustments to the water are generally needed. If in doubt, check your user manual to see if minerals are routinely removed; if so, use the instructions for the Britta or Pur Water Filters.
- Distilled and Reverse Osmosis Water: Use the instructions for addingmineral drops or salt listed for the Britta or Pur Brand Water Filters.
- Spring Water: Is generally a great option as it's normally chlorine free but does contain natural minerals.
- Well Water: Provided the water is safe to drink, this is often the best option for making water kefir as it doesn't generally contain chlorine but is high in minerals.
All of my strainers are metal, can I use them with my water kefir grains?
While not ideal, stainless steel strainers are okay to use as the kefir grains will have limited contact with the metal. Be sure the strainer is actually made of stainless steel and not a reactive metal.
The kefir grains have been rehydrating for 4 days and they look rehydrated but don't appear to be doing anything. Should I wait longer?
Go ahead and transfer the kefir grains to new sugar water to start the first batch of water kefir. It's not uncommon for there to be little or no visible activity from the water kefir grains at this stage. However, it is important that the kefir grains not sit in the sugar water too long or they will run out of sugar to eat which can damage the kefir grains.
Can I keep my water kefir grains in a bag instead of letting them float free?
You can keep the kefir grains in a cotton bag (like the kind natural foods stores sell as reusable tea bag). Just be sure to secure the top of the bag so the kefir grains don't escape. Also be sure the bag is submerged in the sugar water--if it floats it can attract mold.
I've been working with my kefir grains for a few weeks and the taste of the kefir seems to be changing. It's more fermented than before, a bit less sweet. Is that normal?
It is normal for the taste of the kefir to change a bit, particularly in the first few weeks after the kefir grains have been rehydrated. This is due to the yeast and bacteria which compose the kefir grains rebalancing themselves following rehydration. Over the first few weeks you work with the kefir grains, there will likely be several changes including the kefir becoming less sweet and the kefir grains becoming more active. Often within 6-8 weeks, you'll also notice the kefir grains start to multiply. In the meantime though, the kefir grains are still making kefir, but as a live culture, there will be some natural changes as they adjust to their new home.
I've been working with my kefir grains for a few weeks and they still aren't bubbling. What can I do?
Give them some time. It's normal to not see any bubbles for 6-8 weeks following rehydration. If it's been at least 8 weeks since your kefir grains were rehydrated, try adding a bit of molasses (a teaspoon per half cup of white sugar) or using a whole sugar containing molasses (e.g. Rapadura, Sucanat, etc.). The minerals in the molasses will feed the grains and often encourage them to be more active.
I've been working with my kefir grains for a few weeks and they still aren't multiplying. What can I do?
Give them some time. It's normal for it to take a minimum of 6-8 weeks before kefir grains start to multiply. Ultimately though, we can't guarantee they will multiply as there are simply too many factors which influence that process. Rest assured though that odds are very good they will multiply and even if they do not, you can continue to use the same set of kefir grains to make batch after batch of water kefir. Click here http://www.culturesforhealth.com/encouraging-water-kefir-grains-to-multiply for more ideas on encouraging kefir grains to multiply.
Should I add things like ginger juice, eggshell and baking soda to my kefir grains to keep them healthy?
A number of kefir makers like to add things like ginger juice, eggshell and baking soda to their kefir grains. Strictly speaking, if you are using a quality water and sugar source, additives should not be necessary (for example, we grow large quantities of kefir grains using nothing but sugar and water). Ultimately we do not recommend additives as there is a danger in using too much (which is very easy to do) which can result in problems including slimy kefir grains.
Can I add fruit, herbs, juice, etc. to the kefir while the kefir grains are still culturing?
Yes, technically you can add fruit, herbs, juice, etc. to your kefir while the kefir grains are still culturing but use caution. Adding anything other than sugar and water while the kefir grains are present has a number of risks including contaminating the kefir grains and potentially damaging the kefir grains. For example, acidic fruits can damage the kefir grains by breaking down the yeast and bacteria that compose the kefir grains. Ideally, we recommend waiting to add flavorings until the culturing process is complete and the kefir grains have been removed. While this will mean a batch may take a day or two longer to make, it is normally worth preserving the integrity and long term health of the kefir grains.
I forgot about my kefir on the counter and it's been culturing for more than 72 hours. What should I do?
The primary issue with leaving kefir grains longer than 48 hours is that at some point they will run out of sugar to eat and begin to starve. This can damage and even kill the kefir grains. If it's been longer than 72 hours, but less than 6 days, immediately feed the kefir grains by putting them in fresh sugar water. Change the sugar water out every 24 hours for the next 2+ cycles until the kefir grains start behaving normally again. If it's been longer than 6 days, the odds of saving the kefir grains go down significantly.
Some mold has developed on top of the liquid. Can the kefir grains be saved?
Mold is generally caused by some form of contamination--often as simple as soap or food residue the dishwasher missed. While mold will generally infect the kefir grains to the point they can't be saved, if you wish to try, scoop the mold out, drain and rinse the kefir grains thoroughly and place them in fresh sugar water. Watch the next batch closely for any signs of mold. Do not consume any kefir if mold develops or if the kefir smells, looks or tastes unpleasant.
My kefir grains are multiplying quickly. What can I do with the extras?
As your kefir grains multiply, you can split them to make multiple batches of kefir (3 tablespoons of kefir grains is the minimum amount and will culture 1-3 quarts). This is a great time to share the many wonderful benefits of making water kefir with friends by giving them some kefir grains to work with. If you'd like to preserve some kefir grains as a back up in case anything happens to your current set, just lay the kefir grains out on a piece of unbleached parchment paper and allow to air dry in a warm place (75-80 degrees is ideal) safe from insects (watch out for fruit flies!) for 24-72 hours. Once they are completely dry with no moisture remaining, place the kefir grains in a zip lock baggie and store in a cool dry place or the refrigerator--they will generally keep for a year or longer.
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